Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance: A Comprehensive Overview
Deviance is a broad concept that has been studied by sociologists for centuries. One of the most influential theories on deviance is Robert Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance. This theory suggests that deviance occurs when individuals are unable to achieve culturally approved goals and instead turn to alternative means to satisfy their needs. In this article, we will explore Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance in detail, including its key components, criticisms, and implications.
What is Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance?
Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance is a sociological theory that was developed by Robert K. Merton in the 1930s. The theory suggests that deviance is caused by a strain between cultural goals and the means available to achieve them. According to Merton, individuals who are unable to achieve their culturally approved goals through legitimate means will instead resort to illegitimate or deviant behavior in order to satisfy their needs.
The theory is based on the premise that individuals are motivated to achieve culturally approved goals, such as wealth, fame, or power. However, not everyone has equal access to the means to achieve these goals. Those who lack access to legitimate means of achieving success may be more likely to resort to deviant behavior in order to satisfy their needs.
Key Components of Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance
Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance is composed of five key components. These components are:
- Cultural Goals: These are the goals that are valued by society. Examples of cultural goals include wealth, fame, power, and status.
- Legitimate Means: These are the means by which individuals are able to achieve their cultural goals. Examples of legitimate means include education, hard work, and networking.
- Innovative Means: These are alternative means by which individuals can achieve their goals. Examples of innovative means include crime, fraud, and corruption.
- Retreatism: This is when individuals reject both legitimate and innovative means and instead choose to withdraw from society.
- Rebellion: This is when individuals reject both legitimate and innovative means and instead choose to actively oppose society.
Criticisms of Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance
Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance has been criticized for its lack of empirical evidence. Critics argue that there is no clear evidence that deviance is caused by a strain between cultural goals and the means available to achieve them. Additionally, critics argue that the theory fails to account for the fact that some individuals are able to achieve their goals without resorting to deviant behavior.
Implications of Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance
Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance has several important implications. First, the theory suggests that deviance is a result of structural inequalities in society. This means that those with access to legitimate means of achieving success are less likely to resort to deviant behavior. Second, the theory implies that deviance can be reduced by providing individuals with access to legitimate means of achieving success. Finally, the theory suggests that those who are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means may be more likely to resort to deviant behavior.
Conclusion
Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance is a sociological theory that suggests that deviance is caused by a strain between cultural goals and the means available to achieve them. The theory has several key components, including cultural goals, legitimate means, innovative means, retreatism, and rebellion. The theory has been criticized for its lack of empirical evidence and its failure to account for the fact that some individuals are able to achieve their goals without resorting to deviant behavior. However, the theory has several important implications, including that deviance can be reduced by providing individuals with access to legitimate means of achieving success.
FAQs
What is Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance?
Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance is a sociological theory that suggests that deviance is caused by a strain between cultural goals and the means available to achieve them. The theory suggests that individuals who are unable to achieve their culturally approved goals through legitimate means will instead resort to illegitimate or deviant behavior in order to satisfy their needs.
What are the key components of Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance?
Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance is composed of five key components. These components are: cultural goals, legitimate means, innovative means, retreatism, and rebellion.
What are the implications of Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance?
Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance has several important implications. First, the theory suggests that deviance is a result of structural inequalities in society. Second, the theory implies that deviance can be reduced by providing individuals with access to legitimate means of achieving success. Finally, the theory suggests that those who are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means may be more likely to resort to deviant behavior.